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# Rössler attractor¶

\begin{cases} \frac{dx}{dt} = -y - z \\ \frac{dy}{dt} = x + ay \\ \frac{dz}{dt} = b + z(x-c) \end{cases}
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%matplotlib ipympl
import ipywidgets as widgets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
from functools import lru_cache

import mpl_interactions.ipyplot as iplt


## Define function to plot¶

### Projecting on axes¶

The Rossler attractor is a 3 dimensional system, but as 3D plots are not yet supported by mpl_interactions we will only visualize the x and y components.

Note: Matplotlib supports 3D plots, but mpl_interactions does not yet support them. That makes this a great place to contribute to mpl_interactions if you’re interested in doing so. If you want to have a crack at it feel free to comment on https://github.com/ianhi/mpl-interactions/issues/89 and @ianhi will be happy to help you through the process.

### Caching¶

One thing to note here is that mpl_interactions will cache function calls for a given set of parameters so that the same function isn’t called multiple times if you are plotting it on multiple axes. However, that cache will not persist as the parameters are modified. So here we build in our own cache to speed up execution

### kwarg collisions¶

We can’t use the c argument to f as c is reserved by plot (and scatter and other functions) by matplotlib in order to control the colors of the plot.

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t_span = [0, 500]
t_eval = np.linspace(0, 500, 1550)
x0 = 0
y0 = 0
z0 = 0

cache = {}
def f(a, b, c_):
def deriv(t, cur_pos):
x, y, z = cur_pos
dxdt = -y - z
dydt = x + a * y
dzdt = b + z * (x - c_)
return [dxdt, dydt, dzdt]

id_ = (float(a), float(b), float(c_))
if id_ not in cache:
out = solve_ivp(deriv, t_span, y0=[x0, y0, z0], t_eval=t_eval).y[:2]
cache[id_] = out
else:
out = cache[id_]
return out.T  # requires shape (N, 2)

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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
controls = iplt.plot(
f,
".-",
a=(0.05, 0.3, 1000),
b=0.2,
c_=(1, 20), # we can't use c because that is a kwarg for matplotlib that controls color
parametric=True,
alpha=0.5,
play_buttons=True,
play_button_pos="left",
ylim="auto",
xlim="auto",
)


## Coloring by time point¶

When we plot using plot we can’t choose colors for individual points, so we can use the scatter function to color the points by the time point they have.

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# use a different argument for c because c is an argument to plt.scatter
out = widgets.Output()
display(out)

def f(a, b, c_):
def deriv(t, cur_pos):
x, y, z = cur_pos
dxdt = -y - z
dydt = x + a * y
dzdt = b + z * (x - c_)
return [dxdt, dydt, dzdt]

id_ = (float(a), float(b), float(c_))
if id_ not in cache:
out = solve_ivp(deriv, t_span, y0=[0, 1, 0], t_eval=t_eval).y[:2]
cache[id_] = out
else:
out = cache[id_]
return out.T  # requires shape (N, 2)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
controls = iplt.scatter(
f,
a=(0.05, 0.3, 1000),
b=0.2,
c_=(1, 20),
parametric=True,
alpha=0.5,
play_buttons=True,
play_button_pos="left",
s=8,
c=t_eval,
)
controls = iplt.plot(
f,
"-",
controls=controls,
parametric=True,
alpha=0.5,
ylim="auto",
xlim="auto",
)
plt.colorbar().set_label("Time Point")
plt.tight_layout()

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